1. Substrate Characteristics

pH levels are critical for maintaining optimal conditions for anaerobic granular sludge performance. The microbial community responsible for the anaerobic digestion process is highly sensitive to pH variations. Ideally, a pH range between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered favorable for granular sludge activity. Deviations from this range can lead to a decline in microbial diversity and metabolic activity, ultimately impacting the overall efficiency of the system.

4. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)

The availability of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, is vital for the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms in anaerobic granular sludge. Nitrogen is required for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, while phosphorus is essential for energy transfer and cell metabolism. Insufficient nutrient levels can lead to imbalances in the microbial community and reduced sludge performance. Therefore, adequate nutrient supplementation is crucial for maintaining optimal granular sludge activity.