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IRON ORE HEMATITE & MAGNETITE (Fe>49%~<60%)
Iron Ore are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. Iron Ores that were formed over 1.8 billion years ago are usually rich in iron oxides, have varied color from dark grey or blackish, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. In 2011, Financial Times has speculated that iron ore is “more integral to the global economy than any other commodity, except perhaps oil”. There is an estimated 1.427 billion tons of reserve in Pakistan.
Type of Iron Ores: There are four main types of iron-ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. These are: Magnetite (Fe3O4, 72.4% Fe), Hematite (Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe), known as “natural ore” or “direct shipping ore”, meaning they can be fed directly into iron-making blast furnaces, Goethite (FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe), Limonite (FeO(OH)·n(H2O), 55% Fe) or Siderite (FeCO3, 48.2% Fe).
Magnetite Ore: Magnetite is a very common iron oxide mineral that is found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is the most commonly mined ore of iron. It is also the mineral with the highest iron content (72.4%). It is magnetic hence easily separated from the gangue minerals and capable of producing a high-grade concentrate with very low levels of impurities. Typically its concentrate has less than 0.1% phosphorus, 3~7% silica and Less than 3% aluminum. It is a black, opaque, submetallic to metallic mineral with Mohs hardness between 5 to 6.5.
Hematite Ore: The name hematite is from the Greek word “haimatitis” which means “blood-red.” Pure hematite has a composition of about 70% iron and 30% oxygen by weight. Like most natural materials, it is rarely found with that pure composition. Due to the high density of hematite relative to associated silicate gangue, hematite beneficiation usually involves a combination of beneficiation techniques. Hematite is the world’s most important ore of iron. Although magnetite contains a higher percentage of iron and is easier to process, hematite is the leading ore because it is more abundant and present in deposits in many parts of the world.
Uses of Hematite (Gem Material): Hematite is a minor gem material used to produce beads, small sculptures, tumbled stones, and other items.
Uses of Hematite as Healing Stone: Some people believe that carrying pieces of tumble-polished hematite, known as “healing stones,” will bring relief from certain medical problems.
Finally, hematite is the material used to make polishing compounds known as “red rouge” and “jeweler’s rouge.” Red rouge is a hematite powder used to polish brass and other soft metals. It can be added to crushed corn cob media or crushed walnut shell media for tumble-polishing brass shell casings. Jeweler’s rouge is a paste used on a soft cloth to polish gold and silver jewelry.
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